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  • Basic Grammar
    • State-of-Being: Positive sentences
    • State-of-Being: Negative sentences
    • State-of-Being: Question sentences
    • Kore, Sore, Are
    • There is / are
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  • Positive sentences
  • Pronouns
  • Other vocabulary

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  1. Basic Grammar

State-of-Being: Positive sentences

Positive sentences

// <Subject> + ใฏ + <Noun> + ใงใ™

็งใฏๅญฆ็”Ÿใงใ™ใ€‚

ใ‚ใŸใ—ใฏใŒใใ›ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚

Watashi wa gakusei desu.

I'm a student.
  • ใฏ is usually pronounced ha but when it's used as a particle, it's pronounced wa. ใฏ after a subject is pronounced as wa.

  • In Japanese, the subject can be omitted when it's obvious.

    • ใ‚ใŸใ—ใฏใŒใใ›ใ„ใงใ™

  • In Japanese, articles(a or an before nouns) do not exist.

  • Nouns do not need to change depending on whether they're singular or plural.

  • ใงใ™ is used as a state-of-being verb like am, are, and is in English.

  • In Japanese, verbs are not conjugated depending on the subject.

    • ใ‚ใŸใ—ใฏใŒใใ›ใ„ใงใ™ (I am a student)

    • ใ‹ใฎใ˜ใ‚‡ใฏใŒใใ›ใ„ใงใ™ (She is a student)

Pronouns

Japanese has lots of pronouns. You might have heard some of them in anime or manga. Here are just the most common ones.

Singular Subject Pronouns

Kanji

Hiragara

Romaji

English

็ง

ใ‚ใŸใ—

watashi

I

ๅƒ•

ใผใ

boku

I

่ฒดๆ–น

ใ‚ใชใŸ

anata

you

ๅ›

ใใฟ

kimi

you

ๅฝผ

ใ‹ใ‚Œ

kare

he

ๅฝผๅฅณ

ใ‹ใฎใ˜ใ‚‡

kanojo

she

  • ใ‚ใŸใ— is formal for males and normal for females

  • ใผใ is normal for males

  • ใ‚ใŸใช is normal and ใ‚ใชใŸ has kanji but it usually written in Hiragana

  • ใใฟ is casual

  • ใ‹ใฎใ˜ใ‚‡ could mean girlfriend depending on the context.

Plural Subject Pronouns

Kanji

Hiragara

Romaji

English

็ง้”

ใ‚ใŸใ—ใŸใก

watashitachi

we

่ฒดๆ–น้”

ใ‚ใชใŸใŸใก

anatatachi

you all

ๅ›้”

ใใฟใŸใก

kimitachi

you all

ๅฝผใ‚‰

ใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‰

karera

they

Other vocabulary

kanji

Hiragara

Romaji

English

ๆ—ฅๆœฌไบบ

ใซใปใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚“

nihonnjin

Japanese

้Ÿ“ๅ›ฝไบบ

ใ‹ใ‚“ใ“ใใ˜ใ‚“

kankokujin

Korean

ไธญๅ›ฝไบบ

ใกใ‚…ใ†ใ”ใใ˜ใ‚“

chugokujin

Chinese

ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซไบบ

ใ‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ‹ใ˜ใ‚“

amerikajin

American

ใƒใƒชไบบ

ใกใ‚Šใ˜ใ‚“

chirijin

Chilian

ใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณไบบ

ใ™ใบใ„ใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚“

supeinjin

Spanish

ๅญฆ็”Ÿ

ใŒใใ›ใ„

gakusei

student

ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿ

ใ›ใ‚“ใ›ใ„

sensei

teacher

้–‹็™บ่€…

ใ‹ใ„ใฏใคใ—ใ‚ƒ

kaihatsusha

developer

ๅŒป่€…

ใ„ใ—ใ‚ƒ

isha

doctor

ๅญไพ›

ใ“ใฉใ‚‚

kodomo

kid

ๅคงไบบ

ใŠใจใช

otona

adult

ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซไบบใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ‹ใฎใ˜ใ‚‡ใฏใ‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ‹ใ˜ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
Kanojo wa amerikajin desu.
She is American.

ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅญไพ›ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใฉใ‚‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
karera wa kodomo desu.
They are kids.

ๅฝผใฏ็•™ๅญฆ็”Ÿใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ‹ใ‚Œใฏใ‚Šใ‚…ใ†ใŒใใ›ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
kare wa ryuugakusei desu.
He's an international student.
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